On May 10, 2025, I walked across the stage at graduation to receive my degree (ceremoniously… I won’t actually be finished until I complete my internship at the end of July.). At 27 years old, I will have obtained a doctorate in counseling psychology, a journey that formally began in the fall of 2020, but one that has lived inside me for far longer.
I’ve spent years reading, researching, studying, practicing, completing clinicals, passing comprehensive exams and oral boards, applying for internships, and landing positions. I’ve earned this title with every late night, every feedback session, every tear and triumph. And yet… no matter how many accolades land on my CV, no matter how many kind words I receive from colleagues, mentors, or clients, there’s still this voice in the back of my head whispering:
“I’m a fraud.”
“How did I end up here?”
“When are they going to find out I have no idea what I’m doing?”
Sometimes it shows up as anxiety before a new case. Sometimes it comes when someone compliments my work. Recently it’s been evident when someone calls me “doctor” to celebrate the achievement with me, and I have to say, “not quite yet,” while feeling like a kid playing dress-up.
Sound familiar to anyone else?
Through conversations with friends, family, peers and mentors in and out of the field, and diving into the literature, I know that I am not alone. I also know that this phenomenon is so common, that it actually has a name.
“Imposter Syndrome”
While not a DSM-5-TR recognized diagnosis, “Imposter Syndrome” was first coined in 1978 by psychologists Dr. Pauline Clance and Dr. Suzanne Imes in their study of high-achieving women. They described it as a psychological pattern where individuals doubt their accomplishments and have a persistent fear of being exposed as a “fraud,” despite external evidence of their competence.
Imposter syndrome can show up in many different ways. An article by Suzanne Feigofsky, MD (2022) identified several subtypes of imposter syndrome including:
- The Perfectionist – who feels like anything less than 100% is failure.
- The Expert – who always needs to know more before feeling qualified.
- The Natural Genius – who believes competence should come easily.
- The Soloist – who feels they must accomplish everything alone.
- The Superwoman/Superman – who juggles multiple roles and must excel in all of them.
A meta-analysis (fancy term for a study summarizing the results of manyyyy studies) about imposter syndrome, conducted by Bravata et al. (2020), revealed several important findings regarding prevalence rates, associated factors, and possible interventions to help with these feelings. They found that depending on the tool used to assess feelings associated with imposter syndrome and the population in question, prevalence rates could vary from 9% to 82%. Overall, the highest prevalence rates were noted in women, ethnic minorities, students (specifically those in medical or STEM fields and first generation college students), and professionals in “high-achieving” environments. Further, they found associations between imposter syndrome and perfectionism, neuroticism, and low self-esteem. It was also associated with dysfunctional family dynamics (e.g., lack of validation or high parental expectations). Moreover, their study revealed that imposter syndrome is frequently paired with symptoms of anxiety, depression, and burnout.
As I explored this research, the pieces continued to fall into place when I viewed my own experience of imposter syndrome. As a young woman, I can recognize my innate drive to prove my worth, to prove that I am qualified and competent. As a young woman, I’ve often felt the need to prove my worth. Early in my training, and even now, I worry I won’t be taken seriously simply because of my age, or because I’m a woman. As graduation approached, and the title of “doctor” became a not-so-distant reality, I found myself asking questions like, “What do I want people to call me?” Dr. Scammon – to set a tone of respect and professionalism? Dr. Cara – to reflect more of my authentic self? Why do I even feel the need to justify it? (Answer: because imposter syndrome is LOUD.)
It all leads back to the same question: “How did I end up here?”
Dr. Feigofsky said it best, “If you are in the room, you deserve to be there.”
So, what do we do when the voice telling you that you don’t belong is louder than the whispered reminder that you do? Here are a few tips from the literature:
- Acknowledge how you feel;
- TALK about it with others (because no matter how much you feel like the only one, you are definitely not alone);
- Practice a growth mindset, recognizing that perfection isn’t possible and failure is a part of the process;
- Celebrate your successes! (even the small ones, because no, it wasn’t just luck, and yes, you do deserve it);
- Consider therapy – Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been demonstrated as an effective intervention for these thoughts and associated feelings.
If you’ve ever questioned whether you truly belong… take this as your sign: you do. You earned your seat. And remember, if you’re in the room, you’re meant to be there.
References: Note. All references are open access and available to the public, and were found using google.com/scholar. See list below for links.
Bravata, D. M., Watts, S. A., Keefer, A. L., Madhusudhan, D. K., Taylor, K. T., Clark, D. M., Nelson, R. S., Cokley, K. O., & Hagg, H. K. (2020). Prevalence, predictors, and treatment of impostor syndrome: A systematic review. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 35(4), 1252–1275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-019-05364-1
Clance, P. R., & Imes, S. A. (1978). The impostor phenomenon in high achieving women: Dynamics and therapeutic intervention. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice, 15(3), 241–247. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0086006
Feigofsky, S. (2022). Imposter syndrome. Heart Rhythm Case Reports, 8(12), 778–780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrcr.2022.11.001
Disclaimer: The content of this blog is intended for informational and reflective purposes only and does not constitute professional psychological advice, diagnosis, or treatment. This blog is not a substitute for individualized mental health care. If you are struggling with your mental health, please seek support from a licensed mental health professional in your area.





































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